{"id":8063,"date":"2020-12-05T19:45:27","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T22:45:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/?page_id=8063"},"modified":"2020-12-26T12:27:28","modified_gmt":"2020-12-26T15:27:28","slug":"por-que-criar-o-ocaa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/por-que-criar-o-ocaa\/","title":{"rendered":"Why create OCAA?"},"content":{"rendered":"


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\n\t\t\t\t\tBack
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Why create OCAA?<\/h1>\n

Why create OCAA?<\/h2>\n

Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon increased 9.5% from January to November 2020 (11.088 km\u00b2), compared to the same period in 2019, according to INPE.\u00b9 The destruction was particularly intense in the public forests, especially those classified as \u201cundesignated\u201d, which cover an area of 50 million hectares.\u00b2 In addition to the intensive fire season in the region in 2020, the Pantanal region has also been severely affected.<\/p>\n

This increase and the repetition, in 2020, of the large fires episodes that marked 2019, in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, have attracted the eyes of the world to the Amazon region. The already faded image of Brazil has been increasingly deteriorating in the eyes of civil society, at home and abroad, and the governments of other nations, especially in Europe.\u00b3 As a result, trade agreements with developed countries in which Brazil is included (already negotiated or under negotiation) are being questioned by stakeholders.\u2074<\/p>\n

Demonstrations by foreign investors and buyers, concerned with the advance of deforestation in the Amazon and, more broadly, with the government’s environmental policy, suggest a reaction that could damage the commercial relations in which the country is involved. Also, it can result in investment outflow and boycotts of Brazilian agribusiness products \u2013 something that would be potentially disastrous for the national economy, already battered by the pandemic.\u2075<\/p>\n

This scenario of distrust regarding Brazil’s capacity, however, does not seem to be temporary. If the current rate of socio-environmental degradation, especially in the Amazon, is not reversed, this perception promises to last. And there are two strong reasons for this.<\/p>\n

The first is the global understanding that the destruction of the largest rainforest on the planet has serious implications not only for Brazil. For example, threats to the national food production that supplies several other countries can be mentioned.\u2076 This is therefore an issue that concerns the global community.<\/p>\n

The second is that the environmental and climate agenda has risen significantly in the ranking of public policy priorities, especially in developed countries, and will increasingly become an inescapable component of sectoral and horizontal policies.<\/p>\n

This is particularly clear in the case of trade policies, in which preferential trade agreements have increasingly associated, on the one hand, economic-trade objectives and, on the other hand, socio-environmental objectives.<\/p>\n

The existence of chapters on trade and sustainable development (or on trade, environment and labour) in recent trade agreements signed by the European Union, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the United States and Canada is the best example of this trend and reflects the need to internalize the socio-environmental issue in international trade discussions.<\/p>\n

Not by chance, deforestation in the Amazon and, more broadly, the environmental policy of the Brazilian government, are the critical points when discussing the possibility of ratification and entry into force of the trade agreement between Mercosur and the European Union.<\/p>\n

This new dynamic requires civil society in Brazil and in other countries to engage in initiatives that seek to contribute to international trade not only taking into account environmental and climate conditions, but also to serve as an instrument for the promotion of sustainable development.<\/p>\n

The OCAA \u2013 Trade and Environment Observatory in the Amazon \u2013 intends to actively take part in this process and put the Amazon at the center of the discussion on the relations between trade and environmental agendas. The goal is to discuss proposals for policies and instruments that advance the convergence between objectives of socio-environmental protection and the necessary increase in production and trading of goods and services from the Amazon region.<\/p>\n

The Amazon is a unique economic and environmental asset in the world. The urgency of preserving the world’s largest biological carbon reservoir and the discussion of sustainable alternatives for the production and trade of the economic goods coming from it justify the existence of a platform that, in addition to providing quality technical material, promotes the scientific debate and the engagement of various players in society.<\/p>\n

Bibliography<\/h4>\n

1.<\/h6>\n
OBT – INPE. PRODES – Amaz\u00f4nia. Observat\u00f3rio da Terra – INPE, 2020. Available in: <http:\/\/www.obt.inpe.br\/OBT\/assuntos\/programas\/amazonia\/prodes>. Access: Dec. 4, 2020.<\/h6>\n
2.<\/h6>\n
a. Ane Alencar, Paulo Moutinho, Vera Arruda, Camila Balzani, and Jo\u00e3o Ribeiro. 2019. Amaz\u00f4nia em chamas – onde est\u00e1 o fogo: nota t\u00e9cnica no. 2. Bras\u00edlia. Amazon Environmental Research Institute. Available in: https:\/\/ipam.org.br\/bibliotecas\/amazonia-em-chamas-onde-esta-o-fogo\/.<\/h6>\n
b. Andr\u00e9 Albuquerque Sant’Anna, Ane Alencar, Luciana T\u00e9llez-Ch\u00e1vez, Andrea Carvalho, Andr\u00e9 Guimar\u00e3es, Paulo Moutinho, Miguel Lago, Daniel Wilkinson, Felix Horne, Maria Laura Canineu, C\u00e9sar Mu\u00f1oz, Josh Lyons, Carolina Jord\u00e1 \u00c1lvarez, Bryan Root, Juliana Nnoko-, B.O. IPAM Amaz\u00f4nia – | O ar \u00e9 insuport\u00e1vel \u2013 Os impactos das queimadas associadas ao desmatamento da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira na sa\u00fade. [s. l: s. n.]. Available in: <https:\/\/ipam.org.br\/bibliotecas\/o-ar-e-insuportavel-os-impactos-das-queimadas-associadas-ao-desmatamento-da-amazonia-brasileira-na-saude\/>. Access: Dec. 4, 2020.<\/h6>\n
3.<\/h6>\n
Azevedo-Ramos, Claudia, Paulo Moutinho, Vera La\u00edsa da S. Arruda, Marcelo C.C. Stabile, Ane Alencar, Isabel Castro, and Jo\u00e3o Paulo Ribeiro. 2020. \u201cLawless Land in No Man\u2019s Land: The Undesignated Public Forests in the Brazilian Amazon.\u201d Land Use Policy 99 (January): 104863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104863.<\/h6>\n
4.<\/h6>\n
a. Escobar, Herton. 2019. \u201cBrazilian President Attacks Deforestation Data.\u201d Science 365 (6452): 419\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.365.6452.419.<\/h6>\n
b. Kehoe, Laura, Tiago N.P. dos Reis, Patrick Meyfroidt, Simon Bager, Ralf Seppelt, Tobias Kuemmerle, Erika Berenguer, et al. 2020. \u201cInclusion, Transparency, and Enforcement: How the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement Fails the Sustainability Test.\u201d One Earth 3 (3): 268\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oneear.2020.08.013.<\/h6>\n
c. FERN. 2020.Acordo Comercial entre Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Mercosul. Bruxelas: Fern. Available in: https:\/\/www.fern.org\/fileadmin\/uploads\/fern\/Documents\/2020\/The_EU-Mercosur_Trade_Agreement-PT-BR.pdf<\/h6>\n
5.<\/h6>\n
Angel Aguiar, Eug\u00eanio Arima, Farzad Taheripour, Paulo Barreto. 2020. “Is the Mercosur-EU trade agreement deforestation-proof?”. Bel\u00e9m. Institute of Man and Environment of the Amazon. Available in: https:\/\/imazon.org.br\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2020\/11\/mercosulue_en_imazon.pdf<\/h6>\n
6.<\/h6>\n
a. Coe, Michael T., Paulo M. Brando, Linda A. Deegan, Marcia N. Macedo, Christopher Neill, and Divino V. Silv\u00e9rio. 2017. \u201cThe Forests of the Amazon and Cerrado Moderate Regional Climate and Are the Key to the Future.\u201d Tropical Conservation Science 10 (June). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1940082917720671;<\/h6>\n
b. Marengo, Jose A., Carlos M. Souza, Kirsten Thonicke, Chantelle Burton, Kate Halladay, Richard A. Betts, Lincoln M. Alves, and Wagner R. Soares. 2018. \u201cChanges in Climate and Land Use Over the Amazon Region: Current and Future Variability and Trends.\u201d Frontiers in Earth Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00228;<\/h6>\n
c. Silv\u00e9rio, Divino V., Paulo M. Brando, Marcia N. Macedo, Pieter S.A. Beck, Mercedes Bustamante, and Michael T. Coe. 2015. \u201cAgricultural Expansion Dominates Climate Changes in Southeastern Amazonia: The Overlooked Non-GHG Forcing.\u201d Environmental Research Letters 10 (10): 104015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/10\/104015.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Back Why create OCAA? Why create OCAA? Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon increased 9.5% from January to November 2020 (11.088 km\u00b2), compared to the same period in 2019, according to INPE.\u00b9 The destruction was particularly intense in the public forests, especially those classified as \u201cundesignated\u201d, which cover an area of 50 million hectares.\u00b2 In addition […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-full-width.php","meta":[],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.7.3","language":"en","enabled_languages":["br","en","es"],"languages":{"br":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8063"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8063"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8063\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10192,"href":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8063\/revisions\/10192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ocaa.org.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}