During the last two years, the divergence between domestic and global trajectories in the environment and climate areas has grown in Brazil, and the implications of this divergence tend to gain economic relevance. This article examines the three most relevant regulatory and institutional references for the feasibility of two initiatives that constitute the priorities of the Brazilian government’s external economic agenda: the ratification of the Mercosur – European Union Agreement and the successful conclusion of the negotiations for Brazil’s accession to the OECD.