The study presents a pan-tropical quantification of carbon emissions from deforestation associated with the expansion of agriculture and forest plantations, and tracks emissions incorporated through global supply chains to consumers. The study reveals that in the period from 2010 to 2014, the expansion of agriculture and tree plantations in forests in the tropics was associated with net emissions of approximately 2.6 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide per year. Cattle and oily fish account for more than half of these emissions. Europe and China are major importers, and for many developed countries, deforestation emissions incorporated into imports rival or exceed emissions from domestic agriculture. Depending on the business model used, 29-39% of deforestation-related emissions were driven by international trade.
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