The report examines in detail possible supervisory mechanisms related to the TSD chapter of the Mercosur – EU agreement. The study states that for “sustainable” aspects to be effective, through their enforcement mechanisms, civil society must be empowered, make dispute resolution more accessible, and give support for voluntary sustainability initiatives. In addition, making better use of sustainability impact assessments over the agreement’s life cycle should increase future efforts to continuously improve the implementation of sustainability provisions, as well as provide useful data for economic and political players.